Cologuard Positive? Decode Your Results! [What to Do]
Receiving a positive Cologuard result can understandably cause anxiety. The American Cancer Society recommends regular screening for colorectal cancer, and Cologuard offers one convenient method. A positive result, however, isn’t a diagnosis of cancer but rather an indication that further investigation is needed, usually via a colonoscopy at the Mayo Clinic or another trusted medical facility. Understanding what does it mean if cologuard is positive is crucial. This article explores just that, shedding light on why a positive result occurs and guiding you through the subsequent steps recommended by your doctor. Knowing how Cologuard detects hemoglobin and DNA markers associated with cancer will help you navigate this process with confidence.
Image taken from the YouTube channel Mayo Clinic , from the video titled What if I had a positive colorectal cancer screening test? - Dr. John Kisiel .
Cologuard Positive? Decode Your Results! [What to Do]
A positive Cologuard result means the test detected abnormal DNA or blood in your stool sample. It does not automatically mean you have colon cancer. Let's break down what a positive result signifies and what steps you should take next. The key question we'll answer is: what does it mean if Cologuard is positive?
Understanding a Positive Cologuard Result
A Cologuard test looks for specific DNA markers and blood in your stool that may be associated with colon cancer or precancerous polyps. Think of it as a screening tool that flags potential issues.
What the Test Detects:
- Abnormal DNA: Cologuard identifies DNA mutations commonly found in colon cancer cells and advanced adenomas (precancerous polyps).
- Hemoglobin (Blood): The presence of blood in the stool can also indicate polyps, cancer, or other gastrointestinal issues. It's important to note that blood isn't always visible to the naked eye, hence the need for this specific test.
Why a Positive Doesn't Necessarily Mean Cancer:
It's crucial to understand that Cologuard is a screening test, not a diagnostic one. A positive result indicates an increased risk and the need for further investigation, specifically a colonoscopy. It's akin to hearing a smoke alarm – it signals a potential fire, but you still need to investigate to determine if there's a real fire and how big it is. There are several reasons why you might receive a positive result without having colon cancer:
- Advanced Adenomas (Precancerous Polyps): These polyps, while not cancerous, have the potential to develop into cancer over time. Detecting and removing them is the primary goal of colon cancer screening.
- Other Gastrointestinal Conditions: Sometimes, conditions like hemorrhoids or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can cause blood in the stool, leading to a positive result.
- False Positives: While rare, Cologuard can occasionally produce a false positive result, meaning the test indicates an abnormality when none is present.
What to Do After a Positive Cologuard Result
The next step is crucial and involves scheduling a colonoscopy.
1. Contact Your Doctor Immediately
- Schedule a Colonoscopy: This is the most important step. Your doctor will schedule a colonoscopy to visually examine your entire colon for polyps or cancer.
- Discuss Your Concerns: Talk to your doctor about your anxiety and any questions you have about the positive result. They can provide reassurance and explain the colonoscopy procedure in detail.
2. Preparing for Your Colonoscopy
Proper preparation is key to a successful colonoscopy.
- Follow Your Doctor's Instructions Carefully: This usually involves dietary restrictions and taking a bowel preparation solution to completely clear your colon.
- Arrange Transportation: You will be sedated during the procedure, so you will need someone to drive you home.
3. Understanding the Colonoscopy Procedure
The colonoscopy is a safe and effective way to examine your colon.
- During the Procedure: A thin, flexible tube with a camera attached is inserted into your rectum and advanced through your colon.
- Polyp Removal: If any polyps are found, they will be removed during the colonoscopy and sent to a lab for analysis (biopsy).
- Duration: The procedure usually takes about 30-60 minutes.
4. Interpreting the Colonoscopy Results
After the colonoscopy, your doctor will discuss the findings with you.
- No Polyps or Cancer Found: This is the best possible outcome. Your doctor will advise you on when to repeat screening, usually in 10 years.
- Polyps Found (Adenomas): The removed polyps will be examined to determine if they are precancerous. Based on the results, your doctor will recommend a follow-up colonoscopy schedule.
- Cancer Found: If cancer is detected, your doctor will discuss treatment options with you. Early detection greatly improves the chances of successful treatment.
Understanding Risk Factors
While Cologuard is designed to screen a broad population, understanding personal risk factors can help contextualize your results.
Factors that Increase Colon Cancer Risk:
- Age: The risk of colon cancer increases with age.
- Family History: Having a family history of colon cancer or polyps increases your risk.
- Personal History: A personal history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or polyps increases your risk.
- Lifestyle Factors: Obesity, smoking, and a diet high in red and processed meats can increase your risk.
Key Takeaways
Let's summarize what we've learned about a positive Cologuard result:
- A positive result suggests the presence of abnormal DNA or blood in your stool.
- It does not automatically mean you have colon cancer.
- A colonoscopy is necessary to investigate the cause of the positive result.
- Early detection and treatment are crucial for successful outcomes.
Video: Cologuard Positive? Decode Your Results! [What to Do]
